Publications

Marketability Conditions for Hygiene and Pharmaceutical Products in Georgia

Marketability Conditions for Hygiene and Pharmaceutical Products in Georgia

The process of placing hygiene and pharmaceutical products on the Georgian market involves a structured regulatory framework that varies depending on the nature and classification of the product. Understanding these requirements is essential for both domestic manufacturers and foreign companies seeking to introduce their products into Georgia. The primary legislation governing this area includes the […]

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Provisional Measures Applications, Types, and Compensation for Damages Arising from Security for the Claim

Provisional Measures Applications, Types, and Compensation for Damages Arising from Security for the Claim

Security for a claim is an important procedural mechanism under Georgian civil procedure law aimed at ensuring the effective enforcement of court judgments. Although parties to a dispute generally retain the right to dispose of their property during litigation, the Civil Procedure Code of Georgia provides legal instruments designed to preserve the subject matter of

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Legal Protections for Foreign Investors in Georgia

Legal Protections for Foreign Investors in Georgia

Georgia has established itself as an attractive destination for foreign investment through liberal economic policies, simplified business regulations, and a strategic geographic location connecting Europe and Asia. In order to encourage international investment and maintain investor confidence, Georgian legislation provides a broad range of legal protections for foreign investors and their investments. This article provides

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Employee Data Protection and Monitoring under Georgian Labor Law

Employee Data Protection and Monitoring under Georgian Labor Law

The protection of employee personal data and the lawful monitoring of employees have become increasingly important issues in modern workplaces. As employers rely more heavily on digital technologies, surveillance systems, and electronic communications, organizations operating in Georgia must ensure that employee monitoring practices comply with both labor and data protection requirements. Georgian law seeks to balance the employer’s legitimate business

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Real Estate Tokenization: A New Frontier for Georgia’s Property Market

Real Estate Tokenization: A New Frontier for Georgia’s Property Market

Real estate has long been considered one of the most stable and attractive asset classes worldwide, yet it remains one of the most illiquid, requiring significant capital commitments and entailing lengthy, expensive transaction processes. In recent years, blockchain technology has given rise to a transformative concept known as real estate tokenization, the process of converting

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Tax Audit Services in Georgia

Tax audits play a critical role in ensuring that a company’s tax position is accurate, compliant, and aligned with Georgian legislation. In practice, a properly conducted tax audit allows businesses to identify potential risks in advance, correct errors, and avoid additional tax liabilities, penalties, and interest. Tax audit services in Georgia are particularly relevant in light of increasing scrutiny by tax

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Personal Income Tax for Non-Residents in Georgia

Personal Income Tax for Non-Residents in Georgia

Georgia has developed a straightforward and competitive tax system, which is one of the reasons it remains attractive to foreign professionals, investors, and property owners. For individuals who are not Georgian tax residents, personal income taxation generally follows the source principle: only income derived from Georgian sources is taxable in Georgia. Understanding whether income is

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Competition Law in Georgia: Merger Control

Competition Law in Georgia: Merger Control

Merger control constitutes a central component of competition law enforcement in Georgia. It is designed to ensure that structural changes in the market, such as mergers, acquisitions, or the establishment of joint ventures, do not significantly restrict effective competition. The legal framework governing merger control is established by the Law of Georgia on Competition (the

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Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments and Arbitral Awards in Georgia

Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments and Arbitral Awards in Georgia

In an increasingly interconnected global economy, cross-border disputes are common, and the ability to enforce foreign court judgments and arbitral awards is essential for ensuring legal certainty and effective dispute resolution. Georgia has established a legal framework that facilitates the recognition and enforcement of such decisions, thereby promoting international trade and investment. This article provides

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Tax Treatment of Sportsbook Operators in Georgia

Tax Treatment of Sportsbook Operators in Georgia

The taxation of sportsbook operators in Georgia is regulated by the Tax Code of Georgia and depends on two key factors: the form in which the sportsbook is organized (land-based or online) and the country of citizenship of the participants from whom the operator derives profit. These factors directly affect the applicable corporate income tax

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